This book explores the conflicts that took place in the First International. Social and economic conditions varied greatly in Europe in the 1860s and 1870s. The strategies adopted by the various federations and sections of the International Workers' Association, or IWA, reflected this diversity. Although Marx and Engels have been seen as the leaders of the International, there were many who rejected their leadership. René Berthier reviews the historiography of this conflict. This book sheds new light on differences between the emerging Social-democratic and Anarchist traditions, and explores the history of the IWA.
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